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Regulations for Hazardous Chemical Substances, 1995

Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs)
Chemical Determinant Sampling Time BEI 1995 Notation
Aniline 
Total p-aminophenol in urine 
Methemoglobin in blood
 
End of shift
During or end of shift
 
50 mg/g creatinine
1,5% of hemoglobin
 
C
B, C, D
Arsenic and Soluble Compounds including Arsine
Inorganic arsenic metabolites in urine
 
 
End of workweek
 
 
50 micro g/g creatinine 
 
 
B
Benzene
Total phenol in urine
Benzene in exhaled air:
   mixed-exhaled
   end-exhaled
 
End of shift
Prior to next shift
 
 
 
50 mg/g creatinine
 
0,08 ppm
0,12 ppm
 
B, C
 
D
D
Cadmium
Cadmium in urine
Cadmium in blood
 
Not critical
Not critical
 
10 micro g/g creatinine 
10 micro g/l
 
B
B
Carbon Disulfide
2-Thiothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid in urine
 
End of shift
 
 
5 mg/g creatinine
 
 
-
 
Carbon Monoxide
Carboxyhemaglobin in blood
Carbon monoxide in end-exhaled air
 
End of shift
End of shift
 
 
less than 8% of homoglobin
less than 40 ppm
 
 
B, C
B, C
 
Chlorobenzene
Total 4-chlorocatechol in urine
Total p-clorophenol in urine
 
End of shift
End of shift
 
150 mg/g creatinine
25 mg/g creatinine 
 
C
C
Chromium (VI)
Water soluble fume
Total chromium in urine
 
 
Increase during shift
End of shift at end of workweek
 
10 micro g/g creatinine
30 micro g/g creatinine
 
 
B
B
 
N,N-Dimethylforamide (DMF)
N-Methylformamide in urine
 
End of shift
 
40 mg/g creatinine
 
B
Ethyl Benzene
Mandelic acid in urine
Ethyl benzene in end-exhaled air
 
End of shift at end of workweek
 
 
1,5 g/g creatinine
 
 
A
D
Fluorides
Fluorides in urine
 
 
Prior to shift
End of shift
 
3 mg/g creatinine
10 mg/g creatinine 
 
B, C
B, C
Furfural
Total furoic acid in urine
 
End of shift
 
200 mg/g creatinine
 
B, C
n-Hexane
2,5-Hexanedione in urine
n-Hexane in end-exhaled air
 
End of shift
 
 
5 mg/g creatinine 
 
 
C
D
Mercury
Total inorganic mercury in urine
Total inorganic mercury in blood
 
Prior to shift
End of shift at end of workweek
 
35 micro g/g creatinine
15 micro g/l
 
B
B
Methhemoglobin Inducers
Methemoglobin in blood
 
During or end of shift
 
1,5% of hemoglobin
 
B, C, D
Methanol
Methanol in urine
Formic acid in urine
 
End of shift
Before shift at end of workweek
 
15 mg/l
80 mg/g creatinine
 
B, C
B, C
Methyl Chloroform
Methyl chloroform in end-exhaled air
Trichloroacetic acid in urine
Total trichloroethanol in urine
Total trichloroethanol in blood
 
Prior to the last shift of workweek
End of workweek
End of shift at end of workweek
End of shift at end of workweek
 
40 ppm
10 mg/l
30 mg/l 
1 mg/l
 
-
C, D
C, D
C
Methyl Ethyl Ketone
MEK in urine
 
End of shift
 
2 mg/l
 
-
Methyl Isobutyl Ketone
MIBK in urine
 
End of shift
 
2 mg/l
 
-
Nitrobenzene
Total p-nitrophenol in urine
Methemoglobin in urine
 
End of shift at end of workweek
End of shift
 
5 mg/g creatinine 
1,5% of hemoglobin
 
C 
B, C, D
Organophosphorus
Cholinesterase Inhibitors
Cholinesterase activity in red cells
 
 
Discretionary
 
 
70% of individual's baseline
 
 
B, C, D
Parathion
Total p-nitrophenol in urine
Cholinesterase activity in red cells
 
End of shift Discretionary
Discretionary
 
0,5 mg/g creatinine 
70% of individual's baseline
 
C, D
B, C, D
Pentachlorophenol
Total PCP in urine
Free PCP in plasma
 
Prior to the last shift of workweek
End of shift
 
2 mg/g creatinine 
5 mg/l 
 
B
B
Perchlorophenol
Perchloroethylene in end-exhaled air
Perchloroethylene in blood
Trichlorocetic acid in urine
 
Prior to the last shift of workweek
Prior to the last shift of workweek
End of workweek
 
10 ppm
1 mg/l 
7 mg/l
 
-
-
C, D
Phenol
Total phenol in urine
 
End of shift
 
250 mg/g creatinine
 
B, C
Styrene
Mandelic acid in urine
 
Phenylglyoxylic acid in urine
 
 
 
 
End of shift
Prior to next shift
End of shift
Prior to next shift
End of shift
Prior to next shift
 
800 mg/g creatine
300 mg/g creatinine
240 mg/g creatinine  
100 mg/g creatinine
0,55 mg/l 
0,02 mg/l
 
C
C
B, C
B, C
D
D
Toluene
Hippuric acid in urine
Toluene in venous blood
o-Cresol in urine.
 
End of shift
End of shift
End of shift
 
2,5 g/g creatinine 
1 mg/l 
1 mg/g creatinine 
 
B, C
D
C
Trichloroethylene
Trichloroacetic acid in urine
Trichloroacetic acid and trichloroethanol in urine
Free trichloroethanol in blood
Trichloroethylene in end-exhaled air
 
End of workweek
End of shift at end of workweek
 
End of shift at end of workweek
 
 
100 mg/g creatinine
300 mg/g creatinine
 
4 mg/l 
 
 
C
C
 
C
D
Xylene
Methylhippuric acid in urine
 
 
End of shift
Last four hours of shift
 
1,5 g/g creatinine
2 mg/min
 
-
-

Notations 
"A" notation: This notation indicates that an identifiable population group might have an increased susceptibility to the effect of the chemical, thus leaving the population group unprotected by the recommended BEI. 
"B" notation: This notation indicates that the determinant is usually present in a significant amount in biological specimens collected from subjects who have not been occupationally exposed. Such background levels are included in the BEI value. 
"C" notation: This notation indicates that the determinant is non-specific, since it is observed after exposure to some other chemicals. These non-specific tests are preferred because they are easy to use and usually offer a better correlation with exposure than specific tests. In such instances, a BEI for a specific, less quantitative biological determinant is recommended as a confirmatory test. 
"D" notation: This notation indicates that the biological determinant is an indicator of exposure to the chemical, but the quantitative interpretation of the measurement is ambiguous (semi-quantitative). These biological determinants should be used as a screening test if a quantitative test is not practical or a confirmatory test if the quantitative test is not specific and the origin of the determinant is in question.